Tersoff_LAMMPS_PetismeGrenWahnstrom_2015_WCCo__MO_454528624659_000
| Title
A single sentence description.
|
Tersoff-style three-body potential for the W-C-Co system developed by Petisme, Gren, and Wahnstrom (2015) v000 |
|---|---|
| Description
A short description of the Model describing its key features including for example: type of model (pair potential, 3-body potential, EAM, etc.), modeled species (Ac, Ag, ..., Zr), intended purpose, origin, and so on.
|
An analytical bond-order potential for the W-C-Co system fitted for the purpose of modeling grain boundary slinding in WC–Co based cemented carbides at high temperature. The W-C interaction is from [2], which in turn took the C-C interaction from [3]. The W potential provides a good description of the coordination dependence of structural parameters and cohesive energies. Thermal, point defects as well as surface properties are reasonably described. The structural and elastic properties obtained with the WC potential compare well with experiment and density functional theory calculations. It also yields reasonable agreement with the available reference data for thermal and point-defects properties. It has been, furthermore, shown to be capable of reproducing energies and relaxation of several unreconstructed surfaces. The remaining interactions involving Co were fitted using force-matching to describe WC/Co interfaces and configurations with dissolved W and C in Co. The experimental melting point of Co is also well described. |
| Species
The supported atomic species.
| C, Co, W |
| Disclaimer
A statement of applicability provided by the contributor, informing users of the intended use of this KIM Item.
|
The C-C interactions in this potential are taken from Brenner [3] and is optimized with respect to molecular properties. It is not expected that this potential will correctly reproduce properties of bulk carbon. |
| Contributor |
I Nikiforov |
| Maintainer |
I Nikiforov |
| Developer |
M.V.G. Petisme Martin A Gren Göran Wahnström |
| Published on KIM | 2026 |
| How to Cite |
This Model originally published in [1-3] is archived in OpenKIM [4-7]. [1] Petisme MVG, Gren MA, Wahnstrom G. Molecular dynamics simulation of WC/WC grain boundary sliding resistance in WC–Co cemented carbides at high temperature. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials [Internet]. 2015Mar;49:75–80. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2014.07.037 doi:10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2014.07.037 — (Primary Source) A primary source is a reference directly related to the item documenting its development, as opposed to other sources that are provided as background information. [2] Juslin N, Erhart P, Traskelin P, Nord J, Henriksson KOE, Nordlund K, et al. Analytical interatomic potential for modeling nonequilibrium processes in the W–C–H system. Journal of Applied Physics [Internet]. 2005Dec;98(12). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2149492 doi:10.1063/1.2149492 [3] Brenner DW. Empirical potential for hydrocarbons for use in simulating the chemical vapor deposition of diamond films. Physical Review B [Internet]. 1990Nov;42(15):9458–71. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.42.9458 doi:10.1103/physrevb.42.9458 [4] Petisme MVG, Gren MA, Wahnström G. Tersoff-style three-body potential for the W-C-Co system developed by Petisme, Gren, and Wahnstrom (2015) v000. OpenKIM; 2026. doi:10.25950/a529d575 [5] Brink T, Thompson AP, Farrell DE, Wen M, Tersoff J, Nord J, et al. Model driver for Tersoff-style potentials ported from LAMMPS v005. OpenKIM; 2021. doi:10.25950/9a7dc96c [6] Tadmor EB, Elliott RS, Sethna JP, Miller RE, Becker CA. The potential of atomistic simulations and the Knowledgebase of Interatomic Models. JOM. 2011;63(7):17. doi:10.1007/s11837-011-0102-6 [7] Elliott RS, Tadmor EB. Knowledgebase of Interatomic Models (KIM) Application Programming Interface (API). OpenKIM; 2011. doi:10.25950/ff8f563a |
| Citations
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This panel provides information on past usage of this interatomic potential (IP) powered by the OpenKIM Deep Citation framework. The word cloud indicates typical applications of the potential. The bar chart shows citations per year of this IP (bars are divided into articles that used the IP (green) and those that did not (blue)). The complete list of articles that cited this IP is provided below along with the Deep Citation determination on usage. See the Deep Citation documentation for more information. 
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|
| Funding |
Award Number: VR 621-2013-5768 Funder: Vetenskapsrådet Funder: Sandvik Funder: Chalmers Tekniska Högskola |
| Short KIM ID
The unique KIM identifier code.
| MO_454528624659_000 |
| Extended KIM ID
The long form of the KIM ID including a human readable prefix (100 characters max), two underscores, and the Short KIM ID. Extended KIM IDs can only contain alpha-numeric characters (letters and digits) and underscores and must begin with a letter.
| Tersoff_LAMMPS_PetismeGrenWahnstrom_2015_WCCo__MO_454528624659_000 |
| DOI |
10.25950/a529d575 https://doi.org/10.25950/a529d575 https://commons.datacite.org/doi.org/10.25950/a529d575 |
| KIM Item Type
Specifies whether this is a Portable Model (software implementation of an interatomic model); Portable Model with parameter file (parameter file to be read in by a Model Driver); Model Driver (software implementation of an interatomic model that reads in parameters).
| Portable Model using Model Driver Tersoff_LAMMPS__MD_077075034781_005 |
| Driver | Tersoff_LAMMPS__MD_077075034781_005 |
| KIM API Version | 2.3 |
| Potential Type | tersoff |
| Grade | Name | Category | Brief Description | Full Results | Aux File(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P | vc-species-supported-as-stated | mandatory | The model supports all species it claims to support; see full description. |
Results | Files |
| P | vc-periodicity-support | mandatory | Periodic boundary conditions are handled correctly; see full description. |
Results | Files |
| P | vc-dimer-continuity-c1 | informational | The energy versus separation relation of a pair of atoms is C1 continuous (i.e. the function and its first derivative are continuous); see full description. |
Results | Files |
| P | vc-memory-leak | informational | The model code does not have memory leaks (i.e. it releases all allocated memory at the end); see full description. |
Results | Files |
| P | vc-thread-safe | mandatory | The model returns the same energy and forces when computed in serial and when using parallel threads for a set of configurations. Note that this is not a guarantee of thread safety; see full description. |
Results | Files |
| P | vc-contributing-atom-energy | informational | other |
Results | Files |
BCC Lattice Constant
This bar chart plot shows the mono-atomic body-centered cubic (bcc) lattice constant predicted by the current model (shown in the unique color) compared with the predictions for all other models in the OpenKIM Repository that support the species. The vertical bars show the average and standard deviation (one sigma) bounds for all model predictions. Graphs are generated for each species supported by the model.
Cohesive Energy Graph
This graph shows the cohesive energy versus volume-per-atom for the current mode for four mono-atomic cubic phases (body-centered cubic (bcc), face-centered cubic (fcc), simple cubic (sc), and diamond). The curve with the lowest minimum is the ground state of the crystal if stable. (The crystal structure is enforced in these calculations, so the phase may not be stable.) Graphs are generated for each species supported by the model.
Diamond Lattice Constant
This bar chart plot shows the mono-atomic face-centered diamond lattice constant predicted by the current model (shown in the unique color) compared with the predictions for all other models in the OpenKIM Repository that support the species. The vertical bars show the average and standard deviation (one sigma) bounds for all model predictions. Graphs are generated for each species supported by the model.
Dislocation Core Energies
This graph shows the dislocation core energy of a cubic crystal at zero temperature and pressure for a specific set of dislocation core cutoff radii. After obtaining the total energy of the system from conjugate gradient minimizations, non-singular, isotropic and anisotropic elasticity are applied to obtain the dislocation core energy for each of these supercells with different dipole distances. Graphs are generated for each species supported by the model.
(No matching species)FCC Elastic Constants
This bar chart plot shows the mono-atomic face-centered cubic (fcc) elastic constants predicted by the current model (shown in blue) compared with the predictions for all other models in the OpenKIM Repository that support the species. The vertical bars show the average and standard deviation (one sigma) bounds for all model predictions. Graphs are generated for each species supported by the model.
FCC Lattice Constant
This bar chart plot shows the mono-atomic face-centered cubic (fcc) lattice constant predicted by the current model (shown in red) compared with the predictions for all other models in the OpenKIM Repository that support the species. The vertical bars show the average and standard deviation (one sigma) bounds for all model predictions. Graphs are generated for each species supported by the model.
FCC Stacking Fault Energies
This bar chart plot shows the intrinsic and extrinsic stacking fault energies as well as the unstable stacking and unstable twinning energies for face-centered cubic (fcc) predicted by the current model (shown in blue) compared with the predictions for all other models in the OpenKIM Repository that support the species. The vertical bars show the average and standard deviation (one sigma) bounds for all model predictions. Graphs are generated for each species supported by the model.
(No matching species)FCC Surface Energies
This bar chart plot shows the mono-atomic face-centered cubic (fcc) relaxed surface energies predicted by the current model (shown in blue) compared with the predictions for all other models in the OpenKIM Repository that support the species. The vertical bars show the average and standard deviation (one sigma) bounds for all model predictions. Graphs are generated for each species supported by the model.
(No matching species)SC Lattice Constant
This bar chart plot shows the mono-atomic simple cubic (sc) lattice constant predicted by the current model (shown in the unique color) compared with the predictions for all other models in the OpenKIM Repository that support the species. The vertical bars show the average and standard deviation (one sigma) bounds for all model predictions. Graphs are generated for each species supported by the model.
Cubic Crystal Basic Properties Table
Species: CSpecies: Co
Species: W
Disclaimer From Model Developer
The C-C interactions in this potential are taken from Brenner [3] and is optimized with respect to molecular properties. It is not expected that this potential will correctly reproduce properties of bulk carbon.
Creators:
Contributor: karls
Publication Year: 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25950/64cb38c5
This Test Driver uses LAMMPS to compute the cohesive energy of a given monoatomic cubic lattice (fcc, bcc, sc, or diamond) at a variety of lattice spacings. The lattice spacings range from a_min (=a_min_frac*a_0) to a_max (=a_max_frac*a_0) where a_0, a_min_frac, and a_max_frac are read from stdin (a_0 is typically approximately equal to the equilibrium lattice constant). The precise scaling and number of lattice spacings sampled between a_min and a_0 (a_0 and a_max) is specified by two additional parameters passed from stdin: N_lower and samplespacing_lower (N_upper and samplespacing_upper). Please see README.txt for further details.
| Test | Test Results | Link to Test Results page | Benchmark time
Usertime multiplied by the Whetstone Benchmark. This number can be used (approximately) to compare the performance of different models independently of the architecture on which the test was run.
Measured in Millions of Whetstone Instructions (MWI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cohesive energy versus lattice constant curve for bcc C v004 | view | 3342 | |
| Cohesive energy versus lattice constant curve for bcc W v004 | view | 2248 | |
| Cohesive energy versus lattice constant curve for diamond C v004 | view | 3160 | |
| Cohesive energy versus lattice constant curve for diamond Co v004 | view | 3600 | |
| Cohesive energy versus lattice constant curve for diamond W v004 | view | 2127 | |
| Cohesive energy versus lattice constant curve for fcc C v004 | view | 3585 | |
| Cohesive energy versus lattice constant curve for fcc W v004 | view | 3480 | |
| Cohesive energy versus lattice constant curve for sc C v004 | view | 3099 | |
| Cohesive energy versus lattice constant curve for sc Co v004 | view | 3600 |
Creators:
Contributor: ilia
Publication Year: 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25950/922d328f
Computes the elastic constants for an arbitrary crystal. A robust computational protocol is used, attempting multiple methods and step sizes to achieve an acceptably low error in numerical differentiation and deviation from material symmetry. The crystal structure is specified using the AFLOW prototype designation as part of the Crystal Genome testing framework. In addition, the distance from the obtained elasticity tensor to the nearest isotropic tensor is computed.
Creators: Junhao Li and Ellad Tadmor
Contributor: tadmor
Publication Year: 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25950/5853fb8f
Computes the cubic elastic constants for some common crystal types (fcc, bcc, sc, diamond) by calculating the hessian of the energy density with respect to strain. An estimate of the error associated with the numerical differentiation performed is reported.
| Test | Test Results | Link to Test Results page | Benchmark time
Usertime multiplied by the Whetstone Benchmark. This number can be used (approximately) to compare the performance of different models independently of the architecture on which the test was run.
Measured in Millions of Whetstone Instructions (MWI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Elastic constants for bcc C at zero temperature v006 | view | 17681 | |
| Elastic constants for diamond C at zero temperature v001 | view | 20400 | |
| Elastic constants for diamond Co at zero temperature v001 | view | 20476 | |
| Elastic constants for fcc C at zero temperature v006 | view | 14522 | |
| Elastic constants for fcc W at zero temperature v006 | view | 19565 | |
| Elastic constants for sc C at zero temperature v006 | view | 7080 | |
| Elastic constants for sc Co at zero temperature v006 | view | 6600 |
Creators:
Contributor: ilia
Publication Year: 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25950/866c7cfa
Computes the equilibrium crystal structure and energy for an arbitrary crystal at zero temperature and applied stress by performing symmetry-constrained relaxation. The crystal structure is specified using the AFLOW prototype designation. Multiple sets of free parameters corresponding to the crystal prototype may be specified as initial guesses for structure optimization. No guarantee is made regarding the stability of computed equilibria, nor that any are the ground state.
Creators:
Contributor: efuem
Publication Year: 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25950/fa5ed729
This test returns reference ground state structures and energies for each element at zero temperature and applied stress. The results from this test are useful when a reference structure is required in some downstream test, such as vacancy tests (used as a reservoir). This test driver works by querying results from the EquilibriumCrystalStructure test driver using element specific reference structures following CHIPS-FF. Although the reference prototypes are independent of model, the resulting structure and energy of the prototypes are model-dependent.
| Test | Test Results | Link to Test Results page | Benchmark time
Usertime multiplied by the Whetstone Benchmark. This number can be used (approximately) to compare the performance of different models independently of the architecture on which the test was run.
Measured in Millions of Whetstone Instructions (MWI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reference elemental energy for C v000 | view | 26280 | |
| Reference elemental energy for Co v000 | view | 27360 | |
| Reference elemental energy for W v000 | view | 22481 |
Creators: Ilia Nikiforov
Contributor: ilia
Publication Year: 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25950/dd36239b
Given atomic species and structure type (graphene-like, 2H, or 1T) of a 2D hexagonal monolayer crystal, as well as an initial guess at the lattice spacing, this Test Driver calculates the equilibrium lattice spacing and cohesive energy using Polak-Ribiere conjugate gradient minimization in LAMMPS
| Test | Test Results | Link to Test Results page | Benchmark time
Usertime multiplied by the Whetstone Benchmark. This number can be used (approximately) to compare the performance of different models independently of the architecture on which the test was run.
Measured in Millions of Whetstone Instructions (MWI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cohesive energy and equilibrium lattice constant of graphene v002 | view | 480 |
Creators: Daniel S. Karls and Junhao Li
Contributor: karls
Publication Year: 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25950/2765e3bf
Equilibrium lattice constant and cohesive energy of a cubic lattice at zero temperature and pressure.
Creators: Daniel S. Karls and Junhao Li
Contributor: karls
Publication Year: 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25950/c339ca32
Calculates lattice constant of hexagonal bulk structures at zero temperature and pressure by using simplex minimization to minimize the potential energy.
| Test | Test Results | Link to Test Results page | Benchmark time
Usertime multiplied by the Whetstone Benchmark. This number can be used (approximately) to compare the performance of different models independently of the architecture on which the test was run.
Measured in Millions of Whetstone Instructions (MWI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Equilibrium lattice constants for hcp C v005 | view | 23520 | |
| Equilibrium lattice constants for hcp Co v005 | view | 19079 | |
| Equilibrium lattice constants for hcp W v005 | view | 24300 |
Creators:
Contributor: mjwen
Publication Year: 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25950/9d9822ec
This Test Driver uses LAMMPS to compute the linear thermal expansion coefficient at a finite temperature under a given pressure for a cubic lattice (fcc, bcc, sc, diamond) of a single given species.
| Test | Test Results | Link to Test Results page | Benchmark time
Usertime multiplied by the Whetstone Benchmark. This number can be used (approximately) to compare the performance of different models independently of the architecture on which the test was run.
Measured in Millions of Whetstone Instructions (MWI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Linear thermal expansion coefficient of diamond C at 293.15 K under a pressure of 0 MPa v002 | view | 4128217 |
Creators: Matt Bierbaum
Contributor: mattbierbaum
Publication Year: 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25950/6c43a4e6
Calculates the surface energy of several high symmetry surfaces and produces a broken-bond model fit. In latex form, the fit equations are given by:
E_{FCC} (\vec{n}) = p_1 (4 \left( |x+y| + |x-y| + |x+z| + |x-z| + |z+y| +|z-y|\right)) + p_2 (8 \left( |x| + |y| + |z|\right)) + p_3 (2 ( |x+ 2y + z| + |x+2y-z| + |x-2y + z| + |x-2y-z| + |2x+y+z| + |2x+y-z| +|2x-y+z| +|2x-y-z| +|x+y+2z| +|x+y-2z| +|x-y+2z| +|x-y-2z| ) + c
E_{BCC} (\vec{n}) = p_1 (6 \left( | x+y+z| + |x+y-z| + |-x+y-z| + |x-y+z| \right)) + p_2 (8 \left( |x| + |y| + |z|\right)) + p_3 (4 \left( |x+y| + |x-y| + |x+z| + |x-z| + |z+y| +|z-y|\right)) +c.
In Python, these two fits take the following form:
def BrokenBondFCC(params, index):
import numpy
x, y, z = index
x = x / numpy.sqrt(x**2.+y**2.+z**2.)
y = y / numpy.sqrt(x**2.+y**2.+z**2.)
z = z / numpy.sqrt(x**2.+y**2.+z**2.)
return params[0]*4* (abs(x+y) + abs(x-y) + abs(x+z) + abs(x-z) + abs(z+y) + abs(z-y)) + params[1]*8*(abs(x) + abs(y) + abs(z)) + params[2]*(abs(x+2*y+z) + abs(x+2*y-z) +abs(x-2*y+z) +abs(x-2*y-z) + abs(2*x+y+z) +abs(2*x+y-z) +abs(2*x-y+z) +abs(2*x-y-z) + abs(x+y+2*z) +abs(x+y-2*z) +abs(x-y+2*z) +abs(x-y-2*z))+params[3]
def BrokenBondBCC(params, x, y, z):
import numpy
x, y, z = index
x = x / numpy.sqrt(x**2.+y**2.+z**2.)
y = y / numpy.sqrt(x**2.+y**2.+z**2.)
z = z / numpy.sqrt(x**2.+y**2.+z**2.)
return params[0]*6*(abs(x+y+z) + abs(x-y-z) + abs(x-y+z) + abs(x+y-z)) + params[1]*8*(abs(x) + abs(y) + abs(z)) + params[2]*4* (abs(x+y) + abs(x-y) + abs(x+z) + abs(x-z) + abs(z+y) + abs(z-y)) + params[3]
| Test | Test Results | Link to Test Results page | Benchmark time
Usertime multiplied by the Whetstone Benchmark. This number can be used (approximately) to compare the performance of different models independently of the architecture on which the test was run.
Measured in Millions of Whetstone Instructions (MWI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Broken-bond fit of high-symmetry surface energies in bcc W v004 | view | 79500 |
Creators:
Contributor: efuem
Publication Year: 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25950/fca89cea
Computes the monovacancy formation energy and relaxation volume for cubic and hcp monoatomic crystals.
| Test | Test Results | Link to Test Results page | Benchmark time
Usertime multiplied by the Whetstone Benchmark. This number can be used (approximately) to compare the performance of different models independently of the architecture on which the test was run.
Measured in Millions of Whetstone Instructions (MWI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Monovacancy formation energy and relaxation volume for bcc W | view | 455943 |
Creators:
Contributor: efuem
Publication Year: 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25950/c27ba3cd
Computes the monovacancy formation and migration energies for cubic and hcp monoatomic crystals.
| Test | Test Results | Link to Test Results page | Benchmark time
Usertime multiplied by the Whetstone Benchmark. This number can be used (approximately) to compare the performance of different models independently of the architecture on which the test was run.
Measured in Millions of Whetstone Instructions (MWI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vacancy formation and migration energy for bcc W | view | 622729 | |
| Vacancy formation and migration energy for hcp Co | view | 2309940 |
ElasticConstantsCubic__TD_011862047401_006
| Test | Error Categories | Link to Error page |
|---|---|---|
| Elastic constants for diamond W at zero temperature v001 | other | view |
EquilibriumCrystalStructure__TD_457028483760_003
| Test | Error Categories | Link to Error page |
|---|---|---|
| Equilibrium crystal structure and energy for Co in AFLOW crystal prototype A_oC4_63_c v003 | other | view |
| Equilibrium crystal structure and energy for Co in AFLOW crystal prototype A_tI2_139_a v003 | other | view |
This Model requires a Model Driver. Click below for the Model Driver Tersoff_LAMMPS__MD_077075034781_005 archive.